Oral minoxidil is indeed a fascinating medication with a remarkable ability to stimulate hair growth even in individuals who have experienced significant hair loss, including those who are completely bald. While the exact mechanisms of how oral minoxidil works are not fully understood, there are several key factors that contribute to its hair growth-promoting effects.
Vasodilation and Increased Blood Flow: Minoxidil, originally developed as an oral medication for high blood pressure, is a potent vasodilator. It relaxes and widens blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow to various parts of the body, including the scalp. This enhanced blood circulation delivers more nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors to the hair follicles, creating a conducive environment for hair growth.
Stimulation of Hair Follicles: Minoxidil is believed to directly stimulate hair follicles, particularly those in the dormant or resting phase (telogen phase) of the hair growth cycle. By activating follicular cells and promoting cell proliferation, minoxidil encourages the transition of resting hair follicles into the active growth phase (anagen phase), leading to the production of new hair strands.
Prolongation of Anagen Phase: One of the key effects of minoxidil is its ability to extend the duration of the anagen phase, during which hair actively grows. This means that hairs treated with minoxidil remain in the growth phase for a longer period, resulting in longer, thicker, and more robust hair strands over time.
Anti-Androgenic Effects: While primarily known for its vasodilatory and hair growth-promoting properties, minoxidil may also have mild anti-androgenic effects. Androgens, such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT), play a role in hair loss, particularly in conditions like male and female pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia). By potentially inhibiting the effects of DHT on hair follicles, minoxidil can help mitigate the progression of hair loss and promote regrowth.
Individual Variability: It's important to note that individual responses to minoxidil can vary significantly. Some individuals may experience robust hair regrowth, even in areas that were previously completely bald, while others may see more modest improvements. Factors such as genetics, underlying causes of hair loss, duration of treatment, dosage, and overall health can influence the effectiveness of minoxidil therapy.